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La
Verkin lies on the north banks of the Virgin River opposite
Hurricane, and three miles south of Toquerville. The Zion
National Park-Grand Canyon Highway (State Highway 9) bisects
the town, while the La Verkin Hot Mineral Springs, a popular
bathing resort, is located in the Rio Virgin Canyon immediately
south of the community. Rich farmlands make up La Verkin
bench between La Verkin Creek on the west and the Hurricane
Fault on the east.
The
origin of the name is somewhat confusing. In a letter
from John Steele and J.C.L. Smith to the Deseret News,
dated 26 June 1852, La Verkin Creek is referred to as
the "Leiver Skin." Perhaps it originally was "Beaver Skin";
it would have been easy for pioneer writers to transpose
an "L" for a "B." Others, however, say that La Verkin
is a corruption of the Spanish "La Virgen," referring
to the nearby Virgin River. Whatever the source of origin,
early Washington County Court records also list the creek
as "Leiversking." In time it was shortened to La Verkin.
The
La Verkin bench was observed by Erastus Snow when his
party explored the Virgin River Valley from Zion Canyon
to Santa Clara during the fall of 1861. They were attempting
to locate lands suitable for the Cotton Mission farmers.
Snow opined that Virgin River water could be conveyed
to the bench land, however, the others felt that the labor
involved would be too expensive.
Almost
thirty years later, Thomas Judd and Thomas P. Cottam had
a survey made and started work on a canal. In June 1889
the La Verkin Fruit and Nursery Company was incorporated
with a capital stock of $25,000.00. Its objectives were
to establish nursery orchards and vineyards, to manufacture
wine and liquor, and to promote fruit raising, stock raising,
and general farming.
Work
on the canal and tunnel was most difficult; a major part
of the canal was made through the solid rock limestone
of the precipitous cliff wall, other portions through
talus slides that had broken off the limestone ledges
above. A tunnel through the Kaibab limestone escarpment
east of the bench was eight hundred feet in length. It
was worked on from both sides, and when the two crews
met, the sections fitted together almost perfectly. A
row of lighted candles from each end was used as a mark
to keep the lines straight as the men on both sides of
the ridge drove toward the center. They built a dam two
miles up the river from the place where the tunnel penetrated
the mountain. Water was turned into the ditch in April
1891.
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